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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are widely used in recent years due to the advancements in wireless and sensor technologies. Many of these applications require to know the location information of nodes. This information is useful to understand the collected data and to act on them. Existing localization algorithms make use of a few reference nodes for estimating the locations of sensor nodes. But, the positioning and utilization of reference nodes increase the cost and complexity of the network. To reduce the dependency on reference nodes, in this paper, we have developed a novel optimization based localization method using only two reference nodes for the localization of the entire network. This is achieved by reference nodes identifying a few more nodes as reference nodes by the analysis of the connectivity information. The sensor nodes then use the reference nodes to identify their locations in a distributive manner using Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA). We have observed that the localization performance of the reported algorithm at a lower reference node ratio is comparable with other algorithms at higher reference node ratios. 相似文献
64.
The design of thermoelastic damping (TED) affected by the phase-lagging non-Fourier heat conduction effects becomes significant but challenging for enlarging the quality factor of widely-used microresonators operating in extreme situations, including ultra-high excitation frequency and ultra-low working temperature. However, there does not exist a rational method for designing the TED in the framework of non-Fourier heat conduction law. This work, therefore, proposes a design framework to achieve low thermoelastic dissipation of microresonators governed by the phase-lagging heat conduction law. The equation of motion and the heat conduction equation for phase-lagging TED microresonators are derived first, and then the non-Fourier TED design problem is proposed. A topology optimization-based rational design method is used to resolve the design problem. What is more, a two-dimensional (2D) plain-strain-based finite element method (FEM) is developed as a solver for the topology optimization process. Based on the suggested rational design technique, numerical instances with various phase lags are investigated. The results show that the proposed design method can remarkably reduce the dissipation of microresonators by tailoring their substructures. 相似文献
65.
Anastasios K. Papageorgiou Evangelos M. Papoutsis-Kiachagias Kyriakos C. Giannakoglou 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2022,94(1):59-75
This article contributes to the development of methods for shape optimization under uncertainties, associated with the flow conditions, based on intrusive Polynomial Chaos Expansion (iPCE) and continuous adjoint. The iPCE to the Navier–Stokes equations for laminar flows of incompressible fluids is developed to compute statistical moments of the Quantity of Interest which are, then, compared with those obtained through the Monte Carlo method. The optimization is carried out using a continuous adjoint-enabled, gradient-based loop. Two different formulations for the continuous adjoint to the iPCE PDEs are derived, programmed, and verified. Intrusive PCE methods for the computation of the statistical moments require mathematical development, derivation of a new system of governing equations and their numerical solution. The development is presented for a chaos order of two and two uncertain variables and can be used as a guide to those willing to extend this development to a different set of uncertain variables or chaos order. The developed method and software, programmed in OpenFOAM, is applied to two optimization problems pertaining to the flow around isolated airfoils with uncertain farfield conditions. 相似文献
66.
This paper is concerned with the Online Quota Traveling Salesman Problem. Depending on the symmetry of the metric and the requirement for the salesman to return to the origin, four variants are analyzed. We present optimal deterministic algorithms for each variant defined on a general space, a real line, or a half-line. As a byproduct, an improved lower bound for a variant of Online TSP on a half-line is also obtained. 相似文献
67.
Structural analysis using powder X-ray diffraction data has overcome many obstacles and nowadays is readily applicable for structural analysis of all types of compounds and materials. Being less straightforward than single crystal diffraction, it requires significant users’ input and consequently, implementation of standardized tools to assess the accuracy of crystal structures. This article discusses potential errors in crystal structure solution and refinement of small-molecule structures obtained from PXRD data. Moreover, it proposes how accuracy of these structures can be improved by using high-quality PXRD data, complementary external analytical techniques, knowledge stored in crystal structure databases, as well as an approach to search the parameter space to avoid local minima in testing different sets of geometry restraints. 相似文献
68.
土壤中重金属的化学形态更能表明其迁移性和生物毒性。传统的重金属化学形态检测方法BCR法由于其提取时间长,影响检测效率。采用涡旋提取对传统BCR法进行方法优化,对土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、Cr等6种重金属元素化学形态进行了实验分析。研究了涡旋转速、涡旋时间以及涡旋提取的方法精密度与准确度。结果表明,当涡旋转速为2500rpm,酸可交换态涡旋10min,可还原态涡旋10min,可氧化态涡旋5min时,涡旋提取效果良好。采用土壤标准物质对方法的适用性进行了验证,6种元素的检出限在0.4?32μg/kg,测定值均在标准值范围内,相对标准偏差在0.3%?5.5%之间。涡旋提取-改进BCR法分析速度快,灵敏度高,能满足同时测定土壤中多种金属元素化学形态的检测要求。 相似文献
69.
以4-氯-1-丁醇,N-甲基咪唑和苯甲酸钠为原料,用微波法制得碱性离子液体{[OHBMIM]Ph COO(AIL)},其结构经FT-IR表征;以苯甲醛和苯乙酮为原料,AIL为催化剂,经微波促进的缩合反应合成了查尔酮(1),其结构经1H NMR和FT-IR确证。考察了AIL用量、微波功率、物料比和反应时间对1产率的影响。合成1的最佳反应条件为:AIL 1 mmol,苯甲醛5 mmol,n(苯甲醛)∶n(苯乙酮)=1.1,于微波功率140 W反应5 min,产率95.8%。AIL具有较好的循环使用性,循环使用6次,1产率没有明显降低。 相似文献
70.
Radical Compatibility with Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Its Impact on an All‐Organic Redox Flow Battery 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Xiaoliang Wei Dr. Wu Xu Dr. Jinhua Huang Dr. Lu Zhang Dr. Eric Walter Dr. Chad Lawrence Dr. M. Vijayakumar Dr. Wesley A. Henderson Dr. Tianbiao Liu Dr. Lelia Cosimbescu Dr. Bin Li Dr. Vincent Sprenkle Dr. Wei Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(30):8684-8687
Nonaqueous redox flow batteries hold the promise of achieving higher energy density because of the broader voltage window than aqueous systems, but their current performance is limited by low redox material concentration, cell efficiency, cycling stability, and current density. We report a new nonaqueous all‐organic flow battery based on high concentrations of redox materials, which shows significant, comprehensive improvement in flow battery performance. A mechanistic electron spin resonance study reveals that the choice of supporting electrolytes greatly affects the chemical stability of the charged radical species especially the negative side radical anion, which dominates the cycling stability of these flow cells. This finding not only increases our fundamental understanding of performance degradation in flow batteries using radical‐based redox species, but also offers insights toward rational electrolyte optimization for improving the cycling stability of these flow batteries. 相似文献